Moabit Däftäre (lost prison-written notebooks; 1944): Difference between revisions

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    |title=<center>Moabit Däftäre</center>
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    |image=Moabit Notebook2.jpg
|image=Moabit Notebook2.jpg
    |imagecaption=One of the found notebooks
|imagecaption=One of the found notebooks
    |status=<span style="color:red;">'''Lost'''</span>
|status=<span style="color:red;">'''Lost'''</span>
    }}  
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'''Moabit Däftäre''' (English: ''The Moabit Notebooks'') is a collective nickname for the notebooks consisting of the verses written in the Moabit prison by Musa Jalil, the Soviet Tatar poet. These notebooks were secretly written by him in the Nazi prison, months prior to his execution.


'''Moabit Däftäre''' (English: ''the Moabit Notebooks'') is a collective nickname for the notebooks consisting of the verses written in the Moabit prison by Musa Jalil, the Soviet Tatar poet. These notebooks were secretly written by him in the Nazi prison, months prior to his execution.
At least '''ten''' such notebooks were documented to had been existing, of which '''two''' were found and preserved.<ref>Mustafin R. Po sledam oborvannoĭ pesni. Kazanʹ: Tatarskoe knizhnoe izd-vo, 2004. p. 311-312</ref>
 
'''Three''' such notebooks were documented to had been existing, of which '''two''' were found and preserved.
 
== Trivia ==


==Musa Cälil==
[[File:Calil_student_1929.jpg|left|thumb|Musa Cälil, 1929.]]
[[File:Calil_student_1929.jpg|left|thumb|Musa Cälil, 1929.]]
Musa Cälil (Also spelt as Mussa Jalil, Mussa Djalil, Musa Dzhalil, Mussa Dshalil, Mussa Jälil, Musa Celil, Moussa Jalíl) was a Soviet Tatar poet and resistance fighter. He is the only poet of the Soviet Union who was simultaneously awarded the Hero of the Soviet Union award for his resistance fighting, and the Lenin Prize for authoring The Moabit Notebooks; both the awards were awarded to him posthumously.<ref>Mussa Jalil. Selected poems. Poetry of Truth and Passion. Rafael Mustafin, translated by Lydia Kmetyuk. Moscow, Progress Publishers, 1981</ref>
Musa Cälil (Also spelled as Mussa Jalil, Mussa Djalil, Musa Dzhalil, Mussa Dshalil, Mussa Jälil, Musa Celil, Moussa Jalíl) was a Soviet Tatar poet and resistance fighter. He is the only poet of the Soviet Union who was simultaneously awarded the Hero of the Soviet Union award for his resistance fighting, and the Lenin Prize for authoring The Moabit Notebooks; both the awards were awarded to him posthumously.<ref>Jalil M, Mustafin R, Kmetyuk L. Selected Poems. Moscow: Progress Publishers; 1981</ref>
 
Prior to the WW2, he built a career of a pro-Communist poet in the Soviet Union. Cälil joined the Communist Party of the Soviet Union in 1929, which was the same year that his writing, İptäşkä (English: ''To the Comrade'') was published.


In 1941, Cälil volunteered for the Red Army. Later on he was captured alive by the Nazi soldiers. The Wehrmacht decided to use Musa to form a new so-called [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wehrmacht_foreign_volunteers_and_conscripts national legion]. The poet, however, joined the local resistance and attempted to use the Nazi facilities to print and propagate the anti-fascist leaflets. Soon after he was caught for that and sentenced to death.
Prior to WW2, he built a career as a pro-Communist poet in the Soviet Union.<ref>Kalder D. Lost Cosmonaut: Observations of an Anti-Tourist. New York: Scribner; 2006. p. 23.</ref> Cälil joined the Communist Party of the Soviet Union in 1929, the same year that his writing, ''İptäşkä'' (English: ''To the Comrade'') was published.


While being in prison, Mussa Calil learnt some German and made connections with the local prisoners. He then used these connections to get writing utensils and papery and use these to write and thus preserve his poetry.<ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musa_C%C3%A4lil Musa Calil @ English Wikipedia] Retrieved 13 Nov 2017</ref>
In 1941, Cälil volunteered for the Red Army. Shortly after, he was captured alive by Nazi soldiers.<ref>Bukharaev R, David DJ. Historical Anthology of Kazan Tatar Verse. Padstow (GB): TJ International; 2000. p. 164.</ref> The Wehrmacht decided to use Musa to form a new so-called national legion. The poet, however, joined the local resistance and attempted to use the Nazi facilities to print and propagate the anti-fascist leaflets. Soon after he was caught and sentenced to death.


After the end of WW2 Calil was claimed to be a traitor of the Soviet Union and thus all his writings were forbidden. After the death of Joseph Stalin, his impact on the WW2 resistance movement was reconsidered and even heroicised - Musa Jalil was then awarded with precious Soviet awards and his writings were legalised.
While being in prison, Musa Jalil learned some German and made connections with the local prisoners. He then used these connections to get writing utensils and papery to write and preserve his poetry.


== Notebooks ==
After the end of WW2, Jalil was claimed to be a traitor and Nazi collaborator by the Soviet Union and thus all of his writings were forbidden. The poet was blacklisted from Soviet media, as Soviet children were forced to cut the poet's picture from their books. However, things have changed dramatically, after the death of Joseph Stalin. In the year 1953, the poet's impact on the WW2 resistance movement was revised. Musa Jalil was then made a hero in the Soviet press, and awarded precious Soviet awards, not to mention his writings' legalization.<ref>Calic MJ, Neutatz D, Obertreis J, editors. The Crisis of Socialist Modernity: The Soviet Union and Yugoslavia in the 1970s. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht; 2011. p. 156-157</ref>


Again, three such notebooks were documented to had been existing, of which two were found and preserved. More notebooks might have been written and lost in the war.
==Notebooks==
Three such notebooks were documented to had been existing, of which two were found and preserved. More notebooks might have been written and lost in the war.


Cälil's first notebook was preserved by the Tatars Ğabbas Şäripov and then Niğmät Teregulov, both of whom later died in Stalin's camps.
Cälil's first notebook was preserved by the Tatars Ğabbas Şäripov and then Niğmät Teregulov, both of whom later died in Stalin's camps.


The second notebook was preserved by the Belgian cellmate André Timmermans. Those notebooks were passed to the Tatar ASSR Union of Writers in 1946 and 1947 correspondingly.  
The second notebook was preserved by the Belgian cellmate André Timmermans. Those notebooks were passed to the Tatar ASSR Union of Writers in 1946 and 1947 correspondingly.  
The third known notebook was lost in the archives of SMERSH, the Soviet counter-intelligence organization, and pursuits for it since 1979 have had no results.


<gallery mode=packed heights=350px>
<gallery mode=packed heights=350px>
Moabit Notebook1.jpg|Title page of the first found Moabit notebook
Moabit Notebook1.jpg|Title page of the first found Moabit notebook.
Moabit Notebook2.jpg|Title page of the second found Moabit notebook
Moabit Notebook2.jpg|Title page of the second found Moabit notebook.
</gallery>
</gallery>
==Legacy==
As it was primarily derived from the Soviet version of the happened events, according to which in particular, Musa Jalil is depicted as a good communist and Stalinist; a talented person who died for his Communist ideas and hostility towards the Third Reich regime. There is a good chance that much of the information in this article is simply false due to the ideology bias. Additionally, given that the third known notebook was lost, but in the Soviet counter-intelligence agency, there is a good chance that the notebook was intentionally destroyed (and thus is lost forever if not preserved by some miracle). If that is the case, the reason could be that in fact, Jalil was not a communist and/or a Stalinist.


The third known notebook was lost in the archives of SMERSH, the Soviet counter-intelligence organisation, and pursuits for it since 1979 have had no results.<ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musa_C%C3%A4lil Musa Calil @ English Wikipedia] Retrieved 13 Nov 2017</ref>.
==External Links==
 
*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musa_C%C3%A4lil The Wikipedia page on Musa Jalil.] Retrieved 13 Nov '17
== Discussion ==
*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wehrmacht_foreign_volunteers_and_conscripts Wikipedia page on the Wehrmacht foreign volunteers and conscripts.] Retrieved 13 Nov '17
 
''(This section contains one's personal opinion and discussion about the topic)''
 
I accidentally discovered this topic and thought it is worth an article on LMW. Considering how huge and heroic this topic is, I expected to get much of the information from the internet, however, there surprisingly very scarce information about this topic. The best (and only) source turned out to be Wikipedia.
 
Additionally many things do not make sense. I noticed some problems, however, there could be many more. Firstly, when Musa Jalil decided to print illegal leaflets and other writings, how did other (potential) domestic resistance fighters know to unite on his leadership? He became somewhat known just some 10-15 years ago and thus might not have been widely recognised by the prisoners (would you be able to recognise some written who began publishing some 10-15 years ago?). Secondly Wikipedia claims that "Cälil joined the Wehrmacht propaganda unit for the legion under the false name of Gumeroff", but how then the Nazis knew he is good enough to join their propaganda unit if they are not aware that he is a known poet?
 
Not only that, the two found & preserved notebooks' contents are very difficult to find. While the reprints in both Russian and English are widely available, the original scans of contents of these notebooks are very difficult to find. It is possible to find images of some notebooks' pages of a very varying quality, the full scanning set could not be found on the internet.
 
I am afraid that much of the information in this article is simply false, as it was primarily derived from the Soviet version of the happened events, according to which, in particular, Musa Calil is depicted as a good communist and Stalinist. And unfortunately, given that the third known notebook was lost not just somewhere, but in the Soviet counter-intelligence agency, there is a good chance that the notebook was not lost, but rather intentionally destroyed (and thus are lost forever if not some miracle) for some reason. If that is the case, the reason could be that in fact Calil was not a communist and/or a Stalinist, and the third notebook prevents him from "fitting the cult quite well".
 
The good news could be that the LMW community consists of many people speaking different languages, therefore there is a hope that more sources of the better quality are to be added to this article.


== References ==
==References==
<references>
{{reflist}}


[[Category:Lost literature]]
[[Category:Lost literature]]
[[Category:Completely lost media]]
[[Category:Historic]]
[[Category:Historic]]

Latest revision as of 00:29, 9 May 2020

Moabit Notebook2.jpg

One of the found notebooks

Status: Lost

Moabit Däftäre (English: The Moabit Notebooks) is a collective nickname for the notebooks consisting of the verses written in the Moabit prison by Musa Jalil, the Soviet Tatar poet. These notebooks were secretly written by him in the Nazi prison, months prior to his execution.

At least ten such notebooks were documented to had been existing, of which two were found and preserved.[1]

Musa Cälil

Musa Cälil, 1929.

Musa Cälil (Also spelled as Mussa Jalil, Mussa Djalil, Musa Dzhalil, Mussa Dshalil, Mussa Jälil, Musa Celil, Moussa Jalíl) was a Soviet Tatar poet and resistance fighter. He is the only poet of the Soviet Union who was simultaneously awarded the Hero of the Soviet Union award for his resistance fighting, and the Lenin Prize for authoring The Moabit Notebooks; both the awards were awarded to him posthumously.[2]

Prior to WW2, he built a career as a pro-Communist poet in the Soviet Union.[3] Cälil joined the Communist Party of the Soviet Union in 1929, the same year that his writing, İptäşkä (English: To the Comrade) was published.

In 1941, Cälil volunteered for the Red Army. Shortly after, he was captured alive by Nazi soldiers.[4] The Wehrmacht decided to use Musa to form a new so-called national legion. The poet, however, joined the local resistance and attempted to use the Nazi facilities to print and propagate the anti-fascist leaflets. Soon after he was caught and sentenced to death.

While being in prison, Musa Jalil learned some German and made connections with the local prisoners. He then used these connections to get writing utensils and papery to write and preserve his poetry.

After the end of WW2, Jalil was claimed to be a traitor and Nazi collaborator by the Soviet Union and thus all of his writings were forbidden. The poet was blacklisted from Soviet media, as Soviet children were forced to cut the poet's picture from their books. However, things have changed dramatically, after the death of Joseph Stalin. In the year 1953, the poet's impact on the WW2 resistance movement was revised. Musa Jalil was then made a hero in the Soviet press, and awarded precious Soviet awards, not to mention his writings' legalization.[5]

Notebooks

Three such notebooks were documented to had been existing, of which two were found and preserved. More notebooks might have been written and lost in the war.

Cälil's first notebook was preserved by the Tatars Ğabbas Şäripov and then Niğmät Teregulov, both of whom later died in Stalin's camps.

The second notebook was preserved by the Belgian cellmate André Timmermans. Those notebooks were passed to the Tatar ASSR Union of Writers in 1946 and 1947 correspondingly.

The third known notebook was lost in the archives of SMERSH, the Soviet counter-intelligence organization, and pursuits for it since 1979 have had no results.

Legacy

As it was primarily derived from the Soviet version of the happened events, according to which in particular, Musa Jalil is depicted as a good communist and Stalinist; a talented person who died for his Communist ideas and hostility towards the Third Reich regime. There is a good chance that much of the information in this article is simply false due to the ideology bias. Additionally, given that the third known notebook was lost, but in the Soviet counter-intelligence agency, there is a good chance that the notebook was intentionally destroyed (and thus is lost forever if not preserved by some miracle). If that is the case, the reason could be that in fact, Jalil was not a communist and/or a Stalinist.

External Links

References

  1. Mustafin R. Po sledam oborvannoĭ pesni. Kazanʹ: Tatarskoe knizhnoe izd-vo, 2004. p. 311-312
  2. Jalil M, Mustafin R, Kmetyuk L. Selected Poems. Moscow: Progress Publishers; 1981
  3. Kalder D. Lost Cosmonaut: Observations of an Anti-Tourist. New York: Scribner; 2006. p. 23.
  4. Bukharaev R, David DJ. Historical Anthology of Kazan Tatar Verse. Padstow (GB): TJ International; 2000. p. 164.
  5. Calic MJ, Neutatz D, Obertreis J, editors. The Crisis of Socialist Modernity: The Soviet Union and Yugoslavia in the 1970s. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht; 2011. p. 156-157