Mexia Supermarket (partially found footage of abandoned Texas grocery store; 1999)
In the summer of 1999, Mexia Supermarket, a Fort Worth, Texas grocery store, was shut down after its owners declared bankruptcy. Three months following its abandonment, city officials would discover that everything was left inside to decay, creating an extremely biohazardous environment. It is known that a walkthrough, the clean-up process, and other news story footage was captured of the incident.
Background
Mexia Supermarket was established by Advance Investment Corp. after they obtained a $975,000 business loan from Comercia Bank-Texas, to be paid over 15 years.[1] Operating at 3900 Hemphill Street, Fort Worth, the 36,000-square-foot building was previously home to a Dallas-based supermarket called Danals Food Stores.[2][3][4][5][6][7][1] The building itself had a dark past even excluding the abandonment; on 29th May 1994, 18-year-old Eduardo Lopez, a manager at Danal's, was confronted by a gunman.[8] After being forced into the office so that a safe could be opened, Lopez was shot in the head and his body was later found in a storage freezer.[8] To this day, the murder remains a cold case.[8] At some point following October 1997, Mexia came into existence; a databank listing by the 14th December 1998 issue of Fort Worth Star-Telegram states Mexia's first taxable data was 5th October, indicating it opened its doors sometime in late-1998.[9] Mexia aimed to serve the needs of a low-income community.[10][3] Little is known regarding the two owners,[11] but according to Soul Strut user THE_HOOK_UP, television news reports stated they hailed from Laos.[10]
Alas, Advance Investment were unable to make the store profitable; faced with $1.14 million owed to various creditors, the owners defaulted on loan repayments by June 1999.[1][5] Sources conflict on when exactly Mexia closed its doors. The 14th November 1999 issues of The Victoria Advocate, Abilene Reporter-News and Odessa American all claimed the store was shut down in July 1999.[6][5][4] However, Fort Worth Star-Telegram reported that the building was actually abandoned in late August.[1] Regardless, Chapter 7 bankruptcy protection was filed on 28th September, with Fort Worth attorney Steven Strange representing Advance Investment as Mexia's ownership transferred to a bankruptcy trustee.[12][11][1][5][2] Comercia Bank became the building's lien holder.[11] Two weeks beforehand, Fort Worth's Health Department removed Mexia from its list of active food establishments.[11] According to Strange, the trustee would have been solely responsible for the disposal of Mexia's inventory going forward.[12][11] However, a sequence of miscommunication errors contributed towards the supermarket degenerating into a biohazardous environment.[13][12][11]
Abandonment
Under normal circumstances, Mexia's stock would go elsewhere, perhaps in a clearance sale or simply being discarded as seemingly unsellable goods.[14] Particularly, the food would have benefitted the Metroplex Food Bank, which was urgently seeking more donations to fulfil its obligations to struggling Fort Worth citizens in the run-up to Thanksgiving.[15][13] However, upon losing control of Mexia, the owners merely opted to lock the doors of their former store, left everything inside, and returned to Laos.[2][6][4][5][10] However, the owners before leaving put all meat from the freezers to be thrown out thrown out in hazmat bags before the abandonment.[16]
Not long following the store's abandonment, the electricity was shut off.[2][12][10] Fort Worth's director of environmental management, Brian Boerner, alleged the owners simply shut off the store's power upon leaving the building.[2] However, Strange blamed miscommunication from the bankruptcy trustee that allowed an electric company to shut off Mexia's supply on 18th October.[12] In the hours following a loss of refrigeration, meat and fish soon spoiled as pseudomonas and lactic acid bacteria multiplied, causing swift decomposition.[17] Meanwhile, fruits and vegetables started emitting ethylene, a hormone that resulted in them overripening and thus begin rotting.[17][6] The smell of rotting produce and meat attracted numerous insects and rodents, including fruit flies, blow flies, cockroaches, and rats.[17][6][4] All these species quickly consumed the spoiled products, which in turn allowed the pests to regularly breed.[17] Lactic acid soon ended up and multiplied inside milk containers, which caused the milk inside to turn sour.[17] Butter swiftly melted following a rise in temperature.[17]
The building became so toxic that deadly gases enveloped the vicinity, considerably depleting the available oxygen within.[11] By 20th October, residents began complaining of a growing stench sourced with Mexia.[11][6] One individual reported experiencing headaches as he travelled on a nearby street.[5] Another claimed she was unable to operate her home's air conditioning as it would attract the ever-worsening smell, which further spread across Hemphill Street during strong winds.[1] A week following the initial complaints, Fort Worth officials started its investigation, attempting to find the owners and contacting Comerica Bank to request its plans for the store's clean-up.[11][12] Comercia responded that it had contracted A Plus Budget Movers to resolve the situation, which supposedly would have commenced on 2nd November.[11] However, A Plus Budget Movers backed out of the deal when it became obvious the stricken Mexia Supermarket was well beyond its level of expertise.[11] Comercia refused to deal with the clean-up directly, insisting it was not Mexia's legal owner.[11] A month beforehand, it had requested a foreclosure option during the bankruptcy case.[1]
Investigation
In the weeks following its closure, Mexia had suffered massive and very noticeable deterioration.[1][6][11] Subsequently, the Fort Worth Health Department had no choice but to declare the supermarket as a health hazard.[18][1][12][11] More than a week following A Plus Budget Movers' aborted clean-up, Fort Worth Department of Environmental Management officials, including Boerner and Jimmy McClurg, assessed the store.[2][11][1] Already, they knew that something horrific was waiting for them, based on the stench and the hordes of roaches enveloping the store's windows and rats running all over the place.[10][1][2] Aware of Mexia's clear risk to health, a few safety measures were put in place to ensure workers' safety.[2] Firstly, extensive pesticides were utilised to eliminate the majority of pests and diseases within.[2][18] Mexia's entrances were barricaded to prevent rodents from either entering or escaping the property.[18] The presence of rats also put burning the building out of the question, as it would only trigger them to invade the nearby community.[10] Any workers who entered donned air filtering masks, hazmat suits and oxygen tanks.[2] Upon the building's detoxification, all workers would be decontaminated before they were allowed to safely exit.[2]
Garner Environmental Services was assigned to conduct the building's clean-up.[2][12][11] It was hoped decontamination could commence on 15th November, but a mandatory inspection of air samples necessitated a delay.[2][18] A day later, Garner's contractors entered the property.[12] Every aisle of Mexia revealed its biohazardous nature; hundreds of rats had infested the building, consuming the rotting produce before focusing on dried goods.[17][10] This allowed them to breed and produce store-wide excrement.[10] Todd Johnson, formerly of Garner Environmental, said, "It was one of the worst smelling projects in my history....when rats die from the bacteria, you truly understand that it's a bad atmosphere and lethal for the workers." [19] Flies had produced eggs that hatched into maggots.[17] By this point, countless insects, dead and alive, were present across the store.[17] Workers reported that such was the volume of flies covering all areas of Mexia, that they could no longer see their hands as they explored the building.[17] Their air filtering masks prevented a clear indication of the deadly stench inside.[17]
Aside from decomposing, fruit and vegetables also showed areas where they had been gnawed through by rats.[17] The extent of lactic acid and other gases caused milk containers to rupture and explode.[17] Packaged meat either was seemingly untouched or was covered in a greyish-black goo.[17] Every aisle revealed new disturbing revelations for the investigators.[17] Boerner later stated "I've been in this business for 14 years. This is the first time I've ever heard of this... You think of what has been in there for 90 days - produce, dairy, meats. It's kind of hard to comprehend."[2] The only consolation appeared to be that no beef was languishing within the freezers, meaning only packaged meat was still present in the supermarket.[12] Workers cleared out some products by hand, while the usage of shovels and front-end loaders removed the majority of the rotting food.[2][4][5][6] Workers prioritised the removal of meats, before clearing out expired dairy and produce the following day.[12] The food ended up in hazardous material bags, before being transferred by front-end loaders to sealed bins, which then ended up in landfills.[2][12][4] When the waste arrived at the landfill, there were delays as workers at the facility had to cover it up to contain the smell. [19]
Following this, cash registers among other machines that survived the carnage were removed by 23rd November, while the building was fumigated and fully cleaned by 30th November.[20][11] For reasons of safety and their condition, certain interior fixtures such as freezers and shelving had to be removed and were not initially factored into the cleanup estimate. [19] Even then, officials admitted some foul smells still lingered by 9th December.[20] Ultimately, it was never known exactly what bacteria and other diseases were present, though it was obvious E. coli was particularly pervasive.[11][17][6][10] Another troubling revelation soon emerged; throughout Mexia's abandonment, it was revealed through news footage that some people had broken into the building, and risked their health to steal items such as canned goods, which likely remained edible thanks to their aluminum containers.[10][18] However, the cans' exteriors were also contaminated with deadly surface bacteria, a fate that also befell jars containing otherwise fresh contents like honey.[13][17] It was also reported two teenage boys were arrested after they broke into the store on 13th November, eventually being found on the roof.[18] Upon their arrests, police discovered the boys possessed non-food items that may have belonged to Mexia.[18] The teenagers were transferred to nearby jails and were possibly charged with counts of burglary.[18] The older boy claimed they broke into Mexia merely because it was his 18th birthday.[18]
In February 2024 MacHale did a freedom of information request through email with the City of Fort Worth for the footage of the inside of the store, the case of the two teens at the store, the public meeting about Mexia held at the nearby school that December and complaints about the store July-November 1999. There was nothing about the meeting or the footage and information on the two teens was not released due to legal reasons. What did come back were 2 PDF files of police reports of other possible burglaries at the store.
On November 5th, two code compliance officers were surveying the building. A wooden panel on the front southeast corner of the building was found to have been broken out with an unknown object. The two drove through the parking lot and found a 55-year-old man with plastic bags. Inside were a large quantity of cigarettes, batteries and a 12-pack of beers. When the officers asked where he got it he replied it was from the nearby dumpster, which was on the south side of the building. He was detained until a police officer arrived. He told that officer that he had been going through the dumpsters of various businesses in the neighborhood until he made it to this one. A warrant search found that the suspect had two outstanding local traffic warrants. He was arrested for those and transported to the Tarrant County Sheriff's Office jail. A follow-up conducted 2 days later showed it was undetermined whether or not he broke into the store. The suspect denied the allegation and there were no witnesses to the act. A crime scene search unit was not called to process the scene due to the health code. [21]
On November 12th, two police officers were dispatched to the store after reports of a possible burglary. After searching the perimeter it was found that a fire exit door on the south side of the building was unsecured. There were no pry marks on the door or its housing but it appeared that the crash bar door lock was freed, possibly with some type of prying instrument. According to a complainant, people possibly entered the store sometime the day before, broke windows to go inside and took merchandise. Code Compliance told the police that a hazmat team entered the store on a previous occasion. The unlocked door was secured by Code Enforcement after contacting a supervisor. It was unknown if any items were missing from inside the store. [22] After seeing these reports, MacHale is skeptical of the claim of there being footage of break-ins. LMW user NicoletteAster speculated that the aftermath of the break-ins could be what was shown.
Initial newspaper reports stated the clean-up process cost the city between $10,000 to $15,000.[2][1][5][12][11] Fort Worth planned to potentially indict the owners on criminal charges and also insisted the duo were financially liable for the clean-up.[2][11] However, Strange contested his clients were not responsible, as the property's ownership had already changed hands.[12][11] While the owners did not directly provide comments, Strange reported they were "horrified" by the situation.[12] According to Groceteria user wnetmacman, a Fort Worth City Council minutes revealed the clean-up process was considerably more expensive than anticipated, costing Fort Worth around $100,000.[23] It was known that had Fort Worth been unable to find a liable party, a lien would have been filed on Mexia.[11] In modern times, 3900 Hemphill Street is housed by various other businesses such as Dollar General.[24][7]
While Mexia did not inflict long-term health effects on residents, the handling of the federal bankruptcy case was heavily criticised, particularly by food bank operators desperately seeking new donations.[18][13][15] No food was deemed suitable for collection, leading North Texas Food Bank executive Jan Pruitt to state "That made us all sick. All that food wasted - and it could have been saved with just one phone call. It doesn't matter which food bank you call. Call anybody!"[13] The incident also prompted a meeting between city officials and residents over its handling, which was carried out on 9th December.[20]
Aftermath
After the cleanup process was completed, it was then made vacant. A new tenant, Terry's supermarket moved in after some time.
During the time it was Terry's supermarket, Judy Gonzales left a 2-star review on Google Maps in about 2012[25], saying that "Thr store smell horrible just as you're passing by it always smells like somethings Dead." (sic) meaning the smell lingered for about 14 years. The user then talked about the unrelated nice workers and the quality of the parking lot.[26]
As of 2024, the building was renovated in some time and converted into a Dollar General that is still in business to this day. No reviews at all mention the smell, meaning the smell has dissipated or the renovation process hid or removed it. A 2023 review mentions “Horrible smell aswell.” on the dollar general, so the smell could be still lingering, but the smell could be unrelated to the incident as no other review mentions it.
Additionally, the Mexia supermarket abandonment remains a fairly rare incident. The most similar incident happened with a Seafood City supermarket in University City, MI, where it got shut down for health code violations and due to operating without a permit, however, the fish and other groceries were not removed, including the products in the freezer. Once the power was shut down, the store rotted from March to October of 2023 until BioOne, a cleanup company that cleans up crime scenes, cleaned up the store. Ironically, similar to Mexia, it was reported that after the cleanup, some people were trying to steal food products from the dumpsters.[27][28][29][30] In Breese, IL, another similar incident happened, but luckily, it only was abandoned for 11 days before being cleaned up.[31] Although not exactly a supermarket, in 2022, Baravian Meat Products, a 14,000 sq.ft butcher shop in North Bay, Ontario had a similar fate. 8 tonnes of meats were left to rot for a long period of time, a cleanup crew cleaned it, and the building was fumigated.[32][33][34][35]
Availability
The incident attracted media attention, including a summary of planned clean-up work in the 14th November 1999 issue of The Victoria Advocate.[6] Additionally, a few news reports were broadcast on television.[10] According to THE_HOOK_UP, said reports contained footage showing the windows darkened by roaches, numerous scenes of rotting food affected by insects and rodents, and even incidents where people broke into the store and pillaged items.[10] It is unclear which stations covered the story, but ultimately, no news report has since publicly resurfaced.
However, the incident gained further notoriety when footage was included in the Life After People episode titled "The Last Supper".[17][23][24][10] Originally broadcast on History on 26th January 2010, the documentary speculates on the fate regarding humanity's food supply if the population was suddenly wiped out.[36][17] It uses Mexia Supermarket as a case study, airing clips of a walkthrough and officials partially clearing out the mess within, with Boerner recalling what he and others encountered.[17] The episode then claims that within three months of humanity's disappearance, every supermarket across the planet will have its own "chamber of horrors".[17] The walkthrough footage explored every aisle of the building, though only brief clips of each section were shown. After being shown the footage from "Life After People", cleanup worker Johnson said, "Those are my guys; it was an experience." He mentioned that it was filmed by 'the City of Fort Worth Personnel'. [19] While the Life After People episode has become easily available to view online, the uncut tape, footage outside the building, and clips of people breaking into the store still remained inaccessible to the public.
In August 2023, Benjamin MacHale, upon watching Gubby's "Unsettling Lost Media Deep Dives Vol. 1" which summarised the case, conducted research on the whereabouts of the tapes.[37] Harnessing Life After People's credits, MacHale discovered the "Archival Stills and Footage" was provided by the Environmental Management Department of the City of Fort Worth.[38][37] He first contacted the current supervisor of Fort Worth's environmental management, Anthony Williams, who responded that the clips utilised in the episode were recorded by McClurg.[38] Despite a thorough search, Williams and co. could not find any available footage within Fort Worth's digital archives, though mentioned he and others remembered being intrigued by McClurg's account of the incident.[38] Ultimately, McClurg has since passed away.[38] Williams concluded that the radical changes to his department likely contributed towards the tapes becoming lost.[38]
Following this, MacHale emailed the Special Collections at North Texas University.[39] The Special Collections found a logbook confirming footage was taken on 16th November 1999, though had never digitised the recording and could no longer provide digitisations upon request.[39] Other North Texas archives could nevertheless possess a copy within their vaults.[39] MacHale then decided to email Boerner requesting if he knew the footage's possible status and his recollection of the events.[40] Boerner, who has long since left the City of Fort Worth, stated the film was recorded by a home VHS camera.[40] By the time Life After People sought the footage, it had considerably deteriorated, with only brief clips making the final broadcast.[40] Alas, Boerner concluded that the original tape is likely missing, especially if Fort Worth itself no longer possesses a copy.[40]
MacHale additionally delved deep into newspaper articles hosted by Newspapers.com, finding additional information and photos of Mexia Supermarket from the outside.[37] These were then shared with Lost Media Wiki user SpaceManiac888 to help document the article further and clarify claims originally only raised from more questionable sources.[37] MacHale also contacted photographer Ron Jenkins, who was credited with taking photos of Mexia during the clean-up process, regarding the location of the full-quality photos he took.[41] Jenkins responded that they likely reside within the Southwest Collection at UTA. [41] In February 2024 copies of his photos as well as Dale Blackwell's from UTA were obtained by Lost Media Wiki user NicoletteAster and shared with Benjamin MacHale. [42]
Further research from MacHale located television news logs from KXAS-NBC 5 News. One, from 16th November 1999, contains two news stories titled "Mexia Food" and "Foul Food-Mexia".[43] Another mentions the town meeting that took place in a school on 9th December 1999.[44][20] Another, from 8th December 1999, talks about a "grocery waste" story, presumably the controversy over how none of Mexia's stock could be transferred to food banks.[45][13] The same sheet also discussed a "hazmat" story, while one from 15th November 1999 vaguely states a "Mexia" story was aired.[46][45] The logs do at least confirm the incident and the aftermath received some television coverage on KXAS-NBC 5 News, though these clips have yet to publicly resurface.[37][44]
Gallery
Images
Videos
See Also
External Links
- Life After People Wiki page on Mexia Supermarket.
- Color photos, original news articles and screenshots of correspondence
References
- ↑ 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 1.10 1.11 13th November 1999 issue of Fort Worth Star-Telegram reporting on Mexia's owners owing $1.14 million, claiming the store closed in late August 1999. Retrieved 3rd Sep '23
- ↑ 2.00 2.01 2.02 2.03 2.04 2.05 2.06 2.07 2.08 2.09 2.10 2.11 2.12 2.13 2.14 2.15 2.16 2.17 16th November 1999 issue of Fort Worth Star-Telegram reporting on the clean-up plans and the safety measures in place, and Boerner's comments surrounding the situation. Retrieved 3rd Sep '23
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 20th October 1997 issue of Fort Worth Star-Telegram summarising Danal's Food Stores, which originally operated at 3900 Hemphill Street prior to Mexia's existence. Retrieved 3rd Sep '23
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 14th November 1999 issue of Odessa American reporting on the clean-up plans. Retrieved 3rd Sep '23
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.7 14th November 1999 reporting on the experiences some residents faced during Mexia's abandonment, and city officials declaring there would be no long-term health risks. Retrieved 3rd Sep '23
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.6 6.7 6.8 6.9 14th November 1999 issue of The Victoria Advocate reporting on the store's abandonment and clean-up plans. Retrieved 23rd Jun '23
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 The building which Mexia was once situated at. Retrieved 23rd Jun '23
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 Fort Worth Police Department summarising the Eduardo Lopez cold case. Retrieved 1st Dec '23
- ↑ 14th December 1998 issue of Fort Worth Star-Telegram providing a databank which included Mexia's first taxable date of 5th October 1998. Retrieved 3rd Sep '23
- ↑ 10.00 10.01 10.02 10.03 10.04 10.05 10.06 10.07 10.08 10.09 10.10 10.11 10.12 Soul Strut discussing Mexia Supermarket's operations and abandonment. Retrieved 23rd Jun '23
- ↑ 11.00 11.01 11.02 11.03 11.04 11.05 11.06 11.07 11.08 11.09 11.10 11.11 11.12 11.13 11.14 11.15 11.16 11.17 11.18 11.19 11.20 11.21 23rd November 1999 issue of Fort Worth Star-Telegram reporting on the final stages of the clean-up process, and the actions made leading up to the city declaring Mexia a health hazard. Retrieved 3rd Sep '23
- ↑ 12.00 12.01 12.02 12.03 12.04 12.05 12.06 12.07 12.08 12.09 12.10 12.11 12.12 12.13 12.14 17th November 1999 issue of Fort Worth Star-Telegram reporting on the initial clear-up efforts and Strange's comments surrounding the situation. Retrieved 3rd Sep '23
- ↑ 13.0 13.1 13.2 13.3 13.4 13.5 25th November 1999 issue of Fort Worth Star-Telegram reporting on how no food was deemed suitable for food banks, leading to criticism from Pruitt. Retrieved 3rd Sep '23
- ↑ Kiplinger detailing the typical fate of bankrupt retail stores. Retrieved 23rd Jun '23
- ↑ 15.0 15.1 18th November 1999 issue of Fort Worth Star-Telegram reporting on the frustrations surrounding the wasted food in Mexia, especially as Metroplex Food Bank urgently sought new donations. Retrieved 3rd Sep '23
- ↑ source needed
- ↑ 17.00 17.01 17.02 17.03 17.04 17.05 17.06 17.07 17.08 17.09 17.10 17.11 17.12 17.13 17.14 17.15 17.16 17.17 17.18 17.19 17.20 As detailed in the Life After People episode "The Last Supper". Retrieved 23rd Jun '23
- ↑ 18.0 18.1 18.2 18.3 18.4 18.5 18.6 18.7 18.8 18.9 14th November 1999 issue of Fort Worth Star-Telegram reporting on two teenage boys being arrested for breaking into the building. Retrieved 3rd Sep '23
- ↑ 19.0 19.1 19.2 19.3 Correspondence between Johnson and MacHale. Retrieved 19 Feb '24
- ↑ 20.0 20.1 20.2 20.3 9th December 1999 issue of Fort Worth Star-Telegram reporting on the clean-up process being completed by 30th November, and a meeting being conducted to discuss the incident. Retrieved 3rd Sep '23
- ↑ November 5, 1999 police report on the suspected burglary at Mexia. https://online.updf.com/pdf/share?shareId=c015400b-50e8-439b-b602-34552407f470&fbclid=IwAR2NzMPlag33MODlwUqyLJYpeylNC9tmwH5-pX8Ha79ocHk54exAK4kOrak Retrieved 24 Mar'24
- ↑ November 12, 1999 police report on a suspected burglary at Mexia. https://online.updf.com/index/share/en-US?shareId=051631b1-5027-4460-bc49-9a99904b1a4f Retrieved 24 Mar'24
- ↑ 23.0 23.1 Groceteria discussing the expensive clean-up process required to decontaminate Mexia. Retrieved 23rd Jun '23
- ↑ 24.0 24.1 Film Boards discussing the Life After People segment featuring Mexia, with one user discovering where it was located. Retrieved 23rd Jun '23
- ↑ Just says "12 years ago" on Google Maps
- ↑ https://maps.app.goo.gl/ikWRjbZ8ys7HGg667
- ↑ https://archive.ph/ZNqrU
- ↑ https://ksdk.com/article/news/local/lawsuits-smells-flies-seafood-supermarket-university-city/63-96188034-bf1c-4f10-a211-775355db8f4f
- ↑ https://fox2now.com/news/missouri/thousands-of-pounds-of-rotten-seafood-removed-from-condemned-seafood-city/
- ↑ https://fox59.com/news/national-world/tons-of-fish-left-to-rot-at-shuttered-seafood-market-in-missouri-locals-complain-of-disgusting-stench/
- ↑ https://youtu.be/lLubrtXjo_8
- ↑ https://cbc.ca/amp/1.6527477
- ↑ https://baytoday.ca/local-news/more-than-meats-the-eye-at-shuttered-festering-butcher-shop-5545495
- ↑ https://sootoday.com/local-news/hazmat-suits-required-at-abandoned-northern-ontario-butcher-shop-5590569
- ↑ https://northernontariobusiness.com/industry-news/small-business/more-than-meats-the-eye-at-shuttered-festering-butcher-shop-5552309
- ↑ Rotten Tomatoes page for the Life After People episode "The Last Supper" Retrieved 23rd Jun '23.
- ↑ 37.0 37.1 37.2 37.3 37.4 Correspondence between MacHale and Lost Media Wiki user SpaceManiac888. Retrieved 3rd Sep '23
- ↑ 38.0 38.1 38.2 38.3 38.4 Correspondence between MacHale and Williams. Retrieved 3rd Sep '23
- ↑ 39.0 39.1 39.2 Correspondence between MacHale and the Special Collections at North Texas University. Retrieved 3rd Sep '23
- ↑ 40.0 40.1 40.2 40.3 Correspondence between MacHale and Boerner. Retrieved 3rd Sep '23
- ↑ 41.0 41.1 Correspondence between MacHale and Jenkins. Retrieved 3rd Sep '23
- ↑ correspondence between Lost Media Wiki user NicoletteAster and MacHale. Retrieved 13th Feb '24
- ↑ KXAS-NBC 5 News log sheet containing two related stories on 16th November 1999 (found on The Portal to Texas History). Retrieved 15th Dec '23
- ↑ 44.0 44.1 KXAS-NBC 5 News log sheet containing a story surrounding the 9th December 1999 town meeting (found on The Portal to Texas History). Retrieved 1st Dec '23
- ↑ 45.0 45.1 KXAS-NBC 5 News log sheet containing a "Grocery Waste" and a "Hazmat" story on 15th November 1999 (found on The Portal to Texas History). Retrieved 1st Dec '23
- ↑ KXAS-NBC 5 News log sheet containing a "Mexia" story on 15th November 1999 (found on The Portal to Texas History). Retrieved 1st Dec '23